The following is actually my senior research paper from my high school english class. I went through a phase for a good 5+ years of really loving science and wanting to learn as much as I could but I have really slacked off from those days. Not to say the interest isn’t there because it is but I’ve been wanting to learn more about the history of science and just history in general. Enjoy.
PS- If your thinking of using this as your paper, I think I got like a B+ or something because of numerous grammatical errors.
______________________________________________________________
Time
Travel
And
The
Aspects
English 12 – 3rd Hour
4 – 17 – 97
Outline
I. Possibilities
A. Changing The Past For The Better
B. Seeing The Future
II. Time Travel Techniques
A. Tachyon Particle
B. Lightspeed
C. Black Holes
D. Closed Timelink Curve(CTC)
III. Multi Universe
A. Description
B. Traveling in a “Multiverse”
IV. Paradoxes
A. Granny Paradox
1. Your Existence
2. Stopping it
B. Artist Paradox
1. Artist’s Painting
2. Possibilities
V. Free Will In The Past
A. Possibilities
B. Preset Future And Past
If it is at all possible, there are many aspects to think of for would be time travelers. The possibilities of time travel are almost endless, but if it is possible, and we find may away to do it, a traveler may be able to wreak havoc by killing your grandparent, that is if free will would let that happen. Some people even theorize that there are multi-universes or alternate worlds. There are many mathematicians that believe time travel is not possible and a man named Stephen Hawking stated one reason why time travel is not possible in the quote, “We would know if time travel is possible because there would be many time traveling “tourists” that would be visiting our time. I haven’t heard of any instancies of this happening, so I do believe it is not possible.” A response made to that statement was, “If there were “tourists” why would they come back to this time? If I was a time traveler I know that the twentieth century would probably be lower on my list of places to visit.”(Unveiling, 1992, p. 190). The only worthy thing to return to the twentieth is most likely World War 2 or maybe when a Mr. Albert Einstein released the special theory of relativity in 1905 which is E=MC2, and what that equation means is matter times a constant(squared) equals energy. According to that theory about 1 kilogram of matter has the potential to make about 100 million watts of power, or it can power a light bulb for 3,500 years. Scientists have used that theory to make the atomic bomb which they used on Japan in the second world war. The scientists couldn’t find a way to break matter into energy, but they have found a way to break certain elements into lighter elements which causes left over energy which reacts with the elements and creates a sufficient explosion. This theory has proven itself through the test of time and it has taken everything scientists have thrown at it. If scientists ever find a way to make total use of this theory and some other theories that are out there they may have the key they need to create a time machine of some sort. What if scientists could find a way to make time travel possible? Imagine what the possibilities could be and what kind of potential power a time traveler could have on the future and the past of mankind. It could be the best thing that could happen to us, or it could be the worst thing that could happen to us. It all depends on what is possible.
There are many possibilities to think of if we could use time travel and visit or alter the future or the past, but one tiny change in the past could alter the future in a devastating way. Think about this scenario; a time traveler decides to go back to an ancient swamp and while he is there an animal attacks him and in self defense he kills it. That animal could have had a destiny to take a small trip into a local town and either scare the population or kill a man which in turn could cause the town to go on a killing spree of those animals. While most of the town is away on this hunt a bunch of rogues head into town to cause trouble and they vandalize and rob places before they make their get away. Where as if he does kill the animal that means the town would not be out of town when the rogues come into town to cause trouble, and they end up killing more people which in turn makes people lose their bother/sister/etc. and that affects them in a major way. The point being even the smallest thing changed in the past could alter the future in unpredictable ways according to the cascade effect. The cascade effect states that “if the smallest unit is changed at any time in the past it will effect change on everything in its immediate proximity relative to the quantity of change over the original state, and progressing by geometric proportion in matter and energy with each interval of time thereafter.”(Cascade Effect, http://www.angelfire.com/az/finalsky/cascade.html) Now say, changing the past for the better, would that be possible? Say, killing Hitler, how would that affect the future, because he had such a great affect on the history of mankind? If someone were to go back and kill Hitler when he was a baby no one could look back upon World War 2 as the monstrosity it was and learn from its example. Also killing Hitler in the past would leave about 6 million more people alive and 6 million people could create about another billion or so people, if not at least a half million which would once again put the world into chaos because it can only hold and sustain so many people. Even if a time traveler believes he is changing the past for the better he could not even come close to telling what the future would be like when he returns after his job is done. He could leave it in a good way go back and kill Hitler, thinking that it would be good for mankind, and return to a world which is worse off than he left. Now the problem for him is how do you fix that problem? Time travelers have to be very careful about what they do in the past, but what about traveling into the future? Oh, you thought I was only going to talk about going into the past? Sorry to say, but when we’re talking about time travel we mean traveling either way, stopping, and returning to where(or when) we came from without any problems. Traveling into the future could be a little different because that time has yet to come according to your original time. When someone goes into the future he/she could see who wins the next super bowl then he/she could go back and bet on that team. That couldn’t change unless someone were to alter the past. Seeing the future has some great possibilities, besides gambling, it can give someone the chance to see new technologies and maybe improve their time traveling method, or it could give them an edge on business choices and what is to come and become popular. It can even give the chance to see yourself in how ever many years you want. Maybe if you really wanted you could go see your own funeral. Wouldn’t that be kind of strange?
There are some brilliant minds out there that have already thought of ways we may be able to access traveling on the 4th dimension, time. Some people have put their mind and math skills to the test by figuring out ways we may go about creating time machines. The following are some ways that brilliant mathematicians have thought of that we may use to go on this trek: manipulating tachyon particles, faster than light(FTL), black holes and closed timelink curve.
Tachyons are particles that supposedly travel up to the speed of light(about 300,000 km per second) and the more energy they gather after that the faster they go, and according to various scientists once something breaks the speed of light time starts going backwards. The faster the tachyon particle travels after it breaks that barrier the faster time travels backwards. If man were to find a way to manipulate these tachyon particles and use them on himself it is believed that he could go back in time. One problem with this theory is that tachyon particles can only travel back in time and there would be no way for the traveler to return to the future. The minds that thought of this idea thought that tachyon particles are all around us, but we can’t tell they are because they aren’t visible to our eyes because they travel along the 4th dimension which is time. Another way some scientists figure we may go about traveling in time is if someone could travel faster than the speed of light. Supposedly the closer someone gets to the speed of the slower time goes and once someone is at the speed of light, about 296,000 km per sec, time stops. “Einstein’s special theory of relativity(E=MC2) predicts that, with sufficient acceleration, an astronaut could go on a journey and return to Earth decades into the past, while physically aging only one year or two.”(Sci-Am. 1994, p. 69) We may find the truth to this theory if the human race can last another 2-4,000 years and if we can find a way for our body to withstand the force against our body at going that fast. The way the human race is advancing I believe we may find a way to do this yet, but it may take a long time. There is one thing that even going the speed of light you can not escape, that is a black hole. People think that black holes may be a way to travel backward or forward in time. Some people even believe that there are other universes on the other side of a black hole. The fact is all we know or figure about black holes is that is sucks the energy out of near by stars and other various astronomical elements and sucks them in and tears the matter apart atom by atom and spits the radiation and left over matter back out. Yet another way people such as Stephen Hawking have thought about are called closed timelink curve and he also believes we need quantum mechanics to understand CTCs and to use them. Hawking and some others believe we cannot operate a CTC without the use of quantum mechanics because they find them and if we found one we would have to use. There is only a certain range we could go back using these though. Say we were to find and open the first CTC ever on January 1, 2000 and we found a way to operate it in the year 2020, what that means is we can only travel back to January 1 of 2000. CTCs would allow a person to go back in time for a certain time amount and relive and interact in that world for the amount of time they have chosen. Closed timelink curves are regarded as the only way to travel back in time and interact with it.
There are even people out there that believe there are multiple universes out there for every different outcome there is. One of the easiest way to explain this is using the TV show called “Sliders.” In that show various people have found a way to travel to different Earths in different dimensions where anything can be altered. For each and every desicion made there is another Earth for every out come of that instance. Say, I were to come to school and I’m looking for a parking spot, there is one “multiverse” where I choose the nearest one and there is one where I choose one where I’m by a friends car and so on for every other choose made. If this is true there would most likely be billions of other dimensions for us to explore. According to this theory this is an alternate and parallel universe along side ours that has not had a Hitler. Also according to this theory if someone were to travel back in time and kill Hitler then they would not return along our “branch” of the universe, they would move on to the branch were Hitler was killed and that would go on without affecting our world. If someone were to alter the past and there are multiple universes then he/she would travel up that branch and actually not even alter anything but their own path.
When interacting with the past you’re altering the future from its normal course. If someone were to go back and interfere with your creation that incident is called a paradox, in peticular it is called a granny paradox. The granny paradox is one of the largest questions, and possibly one of the largest problems, with traveling into the past and interacting with it because it may alter the future in an unpredictable way. Why is this this biggest problem and most asked question? Because it deals with the existence of something that already exists. If someone were to go back and kill your mother, would that in fact kill you also and if so would you just disappear and everyone act like you never existed? Some physicists studying the matter have agreed that one cannot time travel into the past because the past cannot stray from itself or be changed in anyway. Another view from the opposing side of this argument is that some believe you can travel into the past, but something would have to stop you from altering the future according to classical physics. If you try to do a sniper shoot at Hitler from a distance then someone would have to walk in his way or your gun all of a sudden jams. So on one side people say we can’t go back in time, but on the other side they say we can but can’t change anything. If we can’t change the past according to these scientists could that mean we may have a preset timeline? “Classical physics says there is only one history, so try as we might to do other then what history dictates, consistency requires us to act out our part in it.”(Sci-Am. 1994, p. 68) If we have a preset and unchangeable past then what about our future? According to that we may have a preset future for our lifes that is unchangeable. Another paradox that may cause problems of sorts is known as the painter paradox. It involves a future traveler going back to see an inspiring painter. He sees the painter hasn’t done the paintings yet so the traveler tells the painter of them and shows him a book of his paintings that he yet to produce of his own free will. Before the traveler goes back to his time the painter steals the book and copies the paintings down on canvas for future critiquing. The problem with this paradox is that the painter has not actually made the painting of his own free will. He knew the paintings would be famous so he took the and copied them down without actually thinking of the painting and being inspired to do it. Also another problem with this paradox is that the traveler brought something back with him. “Time travel appears to allow knowledge to flow from the future to the past and back, in a self consistent loop, without anyone or anything ever having to grapple with the corresponding problems.”(Sci-Am. 1994, p. 69) That means a traveler could bring anything back in time, forget it in the past, and leave it there. Then someone from the past finds in and tinkers with it to see what it does and how it works and starts mass producing them. Problem: It is invented ahead of its time and no one really needs to invent it then because it was made by example and not thought of. Inventions are suppose to come in a certain way, not just pop up because someone found something “cool.”
That brings up another point about having free will if a traveler were to travel back, could he/she have free will or would they have to act out an already planned out destiny? When a traveler goes into the past he/she would think they are doing things of their own free will, but if that theory is true then the traveler is actually doing what he/she has done many times before.
As you can tell there are many things for would be time travelers to think. The possibilities are almost endless and there are many things we could find out about the world and its timeline such as how man came about, was it evolution or creation? Time travel is an intriguing thing even if your not one to really think about those types of things. There are many books about it and probably one of the most earliest ones ever written about the subject is probably “The Time Machine” by H.G. Wells. If you have not read this book it has some interesting topics in it and that book is what got me interested in this topic. It could mean so much that the human race has evolved that much that we could do that. As you read there are a few ways that physicists, scientists and mathematicians have thought about and put their talents to the test trying to figure out if we could one day proceed with it. It will most likely be one of the greatest days in mankind when we have found a way to master the fourth dimension, time. I will leave you with some facts: according to physics time travel is possible, the theory of relativity predicts it is possible, many people are working on this daily and we’re getting closer to the key, our technology is advancing almost exponentially. The last thing I’ll say is a quote by John Gribbin, “I never said time travel would be easy – only that it is allowed by the laws of physics.”(Unveiling, 1992, p.193)
Bibliography
Cascade Effect, http://www.angelfire.com/az/finalsky/cascade.html
Richard Lambert.. “The Quantum Physics Of Time Travel.” Scientific American March, 1994: 67 – 73
Reverse Time Travel, http://www.ftech.net/%Emadsite/CandidatePapers/027.html
Gribbin, John. Unveiling The Edge Of Time. Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1992.
II. Time Travel Technique Benjamin Gothic Brassfield